Do you want to consolidate Servers? In cases where no new Windows Server licenses are required or where the servers being consolidated are running an alternative OS, you may want to consider using Microsoft Hyper-V Server for free!
Hyper-V Server is a dedicated stand-alone product that contains the hypervisor, Windows Server driver model, virtualization capabilities, and supporting components such as failover clustering, but does not contain the robust set of features and roles as the Windows Server operating system. As a result Hyper-V Server produces a small footprint and requires minimal overhead.
One of the most common uses for Hyper-V Server is in Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) environments. VDI allows a Windows client operating system to run on server-based virtual machines in the datacenter, which the user can access from a PC, thin client, or other client device. A full client environment is virtualized within a server-based hypervisor, centralizing users’ desktops.
By deploying VDI with Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012, users will have seamless access to a rich, full fidelity Windows environment running in the data center, from any device. Hyper-V Server also gives IT professionals a cost effective VDI solution with simplified administration, flexible storage options, and dynamic allocation of resources.
-->Applies To: Windows 10, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2019
Hyper-V Integration Services enhance virtual machine performance and provide convenience features by leveraging two-way communication with the Hyper-V host. Many of these services are conveniences, such as guest file copy, while others are important to the virtual machine's functionality, such as synthetic device drivers. This set of services and drivers are sometimes referred to as 'integration components'. You can control whether or not individual convenience services operate for any given virtual machine. The driver components are not intended to be serviced manually.
For details about each integration service, see Hyper-V Integration Services.
Important
Each service you want to use must be enabled in both the host and guest in order to function. All integration services except 'Hyper-V Guest Service Interface' are on by default on Windows guest operating systems. The services can be turned on and off individually. The next sections show you how.
Turn an integration service on or off using Hyper-V Manager
- From the center pane, right-click the virtual machine and click Settings.
- From the left pane of the Settings window, under Management, click Integration Services.
The Integration Services pane lists all integration services available on the Hyper-V host, and whether the host has enabled the virtual machine to use them.
Turn an integration service on or off using PowerShell
To do this in PowerShell, use Enable-VMIntegrationService and Disable-VMIntegrationService.
The following examples demonstrate turning the guest file copy integration service on and off for a virtual machine named 'demovm'.
- Get a list of running integration services:
- The output should look like this:
- Turn on Guest Service Interface:
- Verify that Guest Service Interface is enabled:
- Turn off Guest Service Interface:
Checking the guest's integration services version
Some features may not work correctly or at all if the guest's integration services are not current. To get the version information for a Windows, log on to the guest operating system, open a command prompt, and run this command:
Earlier guest operating systems will not have all available services. For example, Windows Server 2008 R2 guests cannot have the 'Hyper-V Guest Service Interface'.
Start and stop an integration service from a Windows Guest
In order for an integration service to be fully functional, its corresponding service must be running within the guest in addition to being enabled on the host. In Windows guests, each integration service is listed as a standard Windows service. You can use the Services applet in Control Panel or PowerShell to stop and start these services.
Important
Stopping an integration service may severely affect the host's ability to manage your virtual machine. To work correctly, each integration service you want to use must be enabled on both the host and guest.As a best practice, you should only control integration services from Hyper-V using the instructions above. The matching service in the guest operating system will stop or start automatically when you change its status in Hyper-V.If you start a service in the guest operating system but it is disabled in Hyper-V, the service will stop. If you stop a service in the guest operating system that is enabled in Hyper-V, Hyper-V will eventually start it again. If you disable the service in the guest, Hyper-V will be unable to start it.
Use Windows Services to start or stop an integration service within a Windows guest
- Open Services manager by running
services.msc
as an Administrator or by double-clicking the Services icon in Control Panel. - Find the services that start with 'Hyper-V'.
- Right-click the service you want start or stop. Click the desired action.
Use Windows PowerShell to start or stop an integration service within a Windows guest
- To get a list of integration services, run:
- The output should look similar to this:
- Run either Start-Service or Stop-Service. For example, to turn off Windows PowerShell Direct, run:
Start and stop an integration service from a Linux guest
Linux integration services are generally provided through the Linux kernel. The Linux integration services driver is named hv_utils.
- To find out if hv_utils is loaded, use this command:
- The output should look similar to this:
- To find out if the required daemons are running, use this command.
- The output should look similar to this:
- To see what daemons are available, run:
- The output should look similar to this:Integration service daemons that might be listed include the following. If any are missing, they might not be supported on your system or they might not be installed. Find details, see Supported Linux and FreeBSD virtual machines for Hyper-V on Windows.
- hv_vss_daemon: This daemon is required to create live Linux virtual machine backups.
- hv_kvp_daemon: This daemon allows setting and querying intrinsic and extrinsic key value pairs.
- hv_fcopy_daemon: This daemon implements a file copying service between the host and guest.
Examples
These examples demonstrate stopping and starting the KVP daemon, named
hv_kvp_daemon
.- Use the process ID (PID) to stop the daemon's process. To find the PID, look at the second column of the output, or use
pidof
. Hyper-V daemons run as root, so you'll need root permissions. - To verify that all
hv_kvp_daemon
process are gone, run: - To start the daemon again, run the daemon as root:
- To verify that the
hv_kvp_daemon
process is listed with a new process ID, run:
Keep integration services up to date
We recommend that you keep integration services up to date to get the best performance and most recent features for your virtual machines. This happens for most Windows guests by default if they are set up to get important updates from Windows Update. Linux guests using current kernels will receive the latest integration components when you update the kernel.
For virtual machines running on Windows 10 hosts:
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Note
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The image file vmguest.iso isn't included with Hyper-V on Windows 10 because it's no longer needed.
Guest | Update mechanism | Notes |
---|---|---|
Windows 10 | Windows Update | |
Windows 8.1 | Windows Update | |
Windows 8 | Windows Update | Requires the Data Exchange integration service.* |
Windows 7 | Windows Update | Requires the Data Exchange integration service.* |
Windows Vista (SP 2) | Windows Update | Requires the Data Exchange integration service.* |
- | ||
Windows Server 2016 | Windows Update | |
Windows Server, Semi-Annual Channel | Windows Update | |
Windows Server 2012 R2 | Windows Update | |
Windows Server 2012 | Windows Update | Requires the Data Exchange integration service.* |
Windows Server 2008 R2 (SP 1) | Windows Update | Requires the Data Exchange integration service.* |
Windows Server 2008 (SP 2) | Windows Update | Extended support only in Windows Server 2016 (read more). |
Windows Home Server 2011 | Windows Update | Will not be supported in Windows Server 2016 (read more). |
Windows Small Business Server 2011 | Windows Update | Not under mainstream support (read more). |
- | ||
Linux guests | package manager | Integration services for Linux are built into the distro but there may be optional updates available. ******** |
* If the Data Exchange integration service can't be enabled, the integration services for these guests are available from the Download Center as a cabinet (cab) file. Instructions for applying a cab are available in this blog post.
For virtual machines running on Windows 8.1 hosts:
Guest | Update mechanism | Notes |
---|---|---|
Windows 10 | Windows Update | |
Windows 8.1 | Windows Update | |
Windows 8 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows 7 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Vista (SP 2) | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows XP (SP 2, SP 3) | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
- | ||
Windows Server 2016 | Windows Update | |
Windows Server, Semi-Annual Channel | Windows Update | |
Windows Server 2012 R2 | Windows Update | |
Windows Server 2012 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Server 2008 R2 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Server 2008 (SP 2) | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Home Server 2011 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Small Business Server 2011 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Server 2003 R2 (SP 2) | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Server 2003 (SP 2) | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
- | ||
Linux guests | package manager | Integration services for Linux are built into the distro but there may be optional updates available. ** |
For virtual machines running on Windows 8 hosts:
Guest | Update mechanism | Notes |
---|---|---|
Windows 8.1 | Windows Update | |
Windows 8 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows 7 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Vista (SP 2) | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows XP (SP 2, SP 3) | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
- | ||
Windows Server 2012 R2 | Windows Update | |
Windows Server 2012 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Server 2008 R2 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Server 2008 (SP 2) | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Home Server 2011 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Small Business Server 2011 | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Server 2003 R2 (SP 2) | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
Windows Server 2003 (SP 2) | Integration Services disk | See instructions, below. |
- | ||
Linux guests | package manager | Integration services for Linux are built into the distro but there may be optional updates available. ** |
For more details about Linux guests, see Supported Linux and FreeBSD virtual machines for Hyper-V on Windows.
Install or update integration services
For hosts earlier than Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10, you'll need to manually install or update the integration services in the guest operating systems.
- Open Hyper-V Manager. From the Tools menu of Server Manager, click Hyper-V Manager.
- Connect to the virtual machine. Right-click the virtual machine and click Connect.
- From the Action menu of Virtual Machine Connection, click Insert Integration Services Setup Disk. This action loads the setup disk in the virtual DVD drive. Depending on the guest operating system, you might need to start the installation manually.
- After the installation finishes, all integration services are available for use.
These steps can't be automated or done within a Windows PowerShell session for online virtual machines. You can apply them to offline VHDX images; see this blog post.
Hyper-V is a very capable hypervisor for use today yet there are three ways to use it. I blogged about these three ways over at Backup Academy, but the key takeaway is that the three options are:
Hyper-v Server 2019 Iso
- Having the Hyper-V role on a Windows Server 2012 R2 system (full installation)
- Having the Hyper-V role on a Windows Server 2012 R2 system (core installation)
- Using the Free Hyper-V Server 2012 R2
In this post, let’s focus on the free Hyper-V Server 2012 R2 and its installation. Before you get too far along, be sure to check the Hyper-V system requirements to use the free hypervisor. The first step is to download Hyper-V Server 2012 R2, which you can do from the TechNet Evaluation Center. Once you have downloaded the .ISO of Hyper-V Server 2012, let’s go through the installation process.
Once the .ISO is burned to a DVD, you can boot the computer or server up on the new operating system. If you see this screen where you can select your language, keyboard and numerical formats you are starting off well:
After the localization is selected, the Hyper-V Server installation wizard will start the installation in the selected configuration (languages, keyboard in particular). Push the install now button to start the specific part of the installation process:
The first step of the installation process is to accept the license agreement for Hyper-V Server 2012 R2:
The next step of the installation wizard specifies whether a new installation (Custom) or an upgrade is to be performed. I always use the Custom option for new installations. If you have taken a proper backup of a Hyper-V Server 2012 (not the R2 edition) you can try the Upgrade option. For this blog post, we’ll stick with the Custom option:
The next decision is very important in the installation process. This will tell the Hyper-V Server 2012 R2 installation process where (from a disk storage perspective) the installation of the hypervisor will occur. In this example, I have a computer with a 40 GB drive installed. There is nothing on the hard drive, and it’s important to note that the installation process will overwrite the contents of the drive. The option to install on this new drive is shown below:
After that, the Hyper-V Server 2012 R2 installer will prepare that drive and make the new Hyper-V host ready to boot up on its own:
Once the installation is complete, the Hyper-V host is almost ready. The first step after the installation is complete is to set an Administrator password. This is the local computer’s Administrator user. You can still join a Hyper-V host to an Active Directory domain, but this credential will be used for the local system user called Administrator:
The password you select must meet the base password complexity requirements for modern Windows environments. And you enter the password as shown below (don’t lose it!):
Once the password is selected, the Hyper-V Server 2012 R2 is ready to go! The first screen you’ll see is the console of the Hyper-V host and there a special script (sconfig) runs for base administration (set computer name, reboot, networking, etc.) as well as a command prompt:
With the installation complete, there are a number of next steps you can complete. For most environments, the next logical step is to complete the following steps in this order:
- Set the TCP/IP network address
- Set the DNS configuration
- Address Windows Firewall settings
- Change the computer name
- Perform Windows Updates
- Join an Active Directory domain
These are base configuration items, and depend entirely on what you want to do with the Hyper-V host. One command I have however committed to memory is to address Windows Firewall settings. For lab usage, I don’t use Windows Firewall and this command (in the command prompt screen) will disable all Windows Firewall configurations as well as what the successful command looks like:
netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state off
netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state off
There may be one or more reboots of the Hyper-V host required for each of the steps above. The next step with Hyper-V Server 2012 is to connect remotely via Hyper-V Manager and start running virtual machines if all of your environment pre-requisites are complete. Hyper-V Manager can be installed on almost any Windows system (for Windows 7 follow these steps for Windows Server system add the Hyper-V Management Tools). From Hyper-V Manager the Hyper-V host is added below:
At this point, you are now able to create virtual machines easily on the Hyper-V host. It’s important to make sure you are good with the other aspects of remote management since we are using Hyper-V Server 2012 R2 with no User Interface on the console. The most common step is to connect remotely with Server Manager on another Windows Server 2012 R2 system. In the example above, I’ve renamed the Hyper-V host to: SSA-HVNEST.SSA.LAB and added it to Server Manager for my most critical system in the lab:
Have you used the free Hyper-V Server 2012 R2? If so, what have you learned about this option compared to other ways Hyper-V can exist? Share your experiences below.
See also:
How to install Hyper-V Core: Step by step guide, 5.0 out of 5 based on 1 ratingVeeam Availability Suite — Download free 30-day trial
Applies To: Windows Server 2019, 2016, Hyper-V Server 2019, 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, Hyper-V Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Hyper-V Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7.1, Windows 7
Beginning with Ubuntu 12.04, loading the 'linux-virtual' package installs a kernel suitable for use as a guest virtual machine. This package always depends on the latest minimal generic kernel image and headers used for virtual machines. While its use is optional, the linux-virtual kernel will load fewer drivers and may boot faster and have less memory overhead than a generic image.
To get full use of Hyper-V, install the appropriate linux-tools and linux-cloud-tools packages to install tools and daemons for use with virtual machines. When using the linux-virtual kernel, load linux-tools-virtual and linux-cloud-tools-virtual.
The following feature distribution map indicates the features in each version. The known issues and workarounds for each distribution are listed after the table.
Windows Hyper-v Server 2019 Download
Table legend
- Built in - LIS are included as part of this Linux distribution. The Microsoft-provided LIS download package doesn't work for this distribution, so don't install it. The kernel module version numbers for the built in LIS (as shown by lsmod, for example) are different from the version number on the Microsoft-provided LIS download package. A mismatch doesn't indicate that the built in LIS is out of date.
- ✔ - Feature available
- (blank) - Feature not available
Feature | Windows Server operating system version | 18.10 | 18.04 LTS | 16.04 LTS | 14.04 LTS | 12.04 LTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Availability | Built-in | Built-in | Built-in | Built-in | Built-in | |
Core | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012, 2008 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Windows Server 2016 Accurate Time | 2019, 2016 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||
Networking | ||||||
Jumbo frames | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012, 2008 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
VLAN tagging and trunking | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012, 2008 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Live migration | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012, 2008 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Static IP Injection | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012 | ✔ Note 1 | ✔ Note 1 | ✔ Note 1 | ✔ Note 1 | ✔ Note 1 |
vRSS | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
TCP Segmentation and Checksum Offloads | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012, 2008 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
SR-IOV | 2019, 2016 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||
Storage | ||||||
VHDX resize | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
Virtual Fibre Channel | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2 | ✔ Note 2 | ✔ Note 2 | ✔ Note 2 | ✔ Note 2 | |
Live virtual machine backup | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2 | ✔ Note 3, 4, 6 | ✔ Note 3, 4, 5 | ✔ Note 3, 4, 5 | ✔ Note 3, 4, 5 | |
TRIM support | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
SCSI WWN | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
Memory | ||||||
PAE Kernel Support | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012, 2008 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Configuration of MMIO gap | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Dynamic Memory - Hot-Add | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012 | ✔ Note 7, 8, 9 | ✔ Note 7, 8, 9 | ✔ Note 7, 8, 9 | ✔ Note 7, 8, 9 | |
Dynamic Memory - Ballooning | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012 | ✔ Note 7, 8, 9 | ✔ Note 7, 8, 9 | ✔ Note 7, 8, 9 | ✔ Note 7, 8, 9 | |
Runtime Memory Resize | 2019, 2016 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
Video | ||||||
Hyper-V specific video device | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012, 2008 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
Miscellaneous | ||||||
Key/value pair | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012, 2008 R2 | ✔ Note 6, 10 | ✔ Note 5, 10 | ✔ Note 5, 10 | ✔ Note 5, 10 | ✔ Note 5, 10 |
Non-Maskable Interrupt | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
File copy from host to guest | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
lsvmbus command | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2, 2012, 2008 R2 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
Hyper-V Sockets | 2019, 2016 | |||||
PCI Passthrough/DDA | 2019, 2016 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
Generation 2 virtual machines | ||||||
Boot using UEFI | 2019, 2016, 2012 R2 | ✔ Note 11, 12 | ✔ Note 11, 12 | ✔ Note 11, 12 | ✔ Note 11, 12 | |
Secure boot | 2019, 2016 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Notes
Microsoft Hyper-v 2019 Download
- Static IP injection may not work if Network Manager has been configured for a given Hyper-V-specific network adapter on the virtual machine. To ensure smooth functioning of static IP injection please ensure that Network Manager is turned off completely or has been turned off for a specific network adapter through its ifcfg-ethX file.
- While using virtual fiber channel devices, ensure that logical unit number 0 (LUN 0) has been populated. If LUN 0 has not been populated, a Linux virtual machine might not be able to mount fiber channel devices natively.
- If there are open file handles during a live virtual machine backup operation, then in some corner cases, the backed-up VHDs might have to undergo a file system consistency check (
fsck
) on restore. - Live backup operations can fail silently if the virtual machine has an attached iSCSI device or direct-attached storage (also known as a pass-through disk).
- On long term support (LTS) releases use latest virtual Hardware Enablement (HWE) kernel for up to date Linux Integration Services.To install the Azure-tuned kernel on 14.04, 16.04 and 18.04, run the following commands as root (or sudo):12.04 does not have a separate virtual kernel. To install the generic HWE kernel on 12.04, run the following commands as root (or sudo):On Ubuntu 12.04 the following Hyper-V daemons are in a separately installed package:
- VSS Snapshot daemon - This daemon is required to create live Linux virtual machine backups.
- KVP daemon - This daemon allows setting and querying intrinsic and extrinsic key value pairs.
- fcopy daemon - This daemon implements a file copying service between the host and guest.
To install the KVP daemon on 12.04, run the following commands as root (or sudo).Whenever the kernel is updated, the virtual machine must be rebooted to use it. - On Ubuntu 18.10, use the latest virtual kernel to have up-to-date Hyper-V capabilities.To install the virtual kernel on 18.10, run the following commands as root (or sudo):Whenever the kernel is updated, the virtual machine must be rebooted to use it.
- Dynamic memory support is only available on 64-bit virtual machines.
- Dynamic Memory operations can fail if the guest operating system is running too low on memory. The following are some best practices:
- Startup memory and minimal memory should be equal to or greater than the amount of memory that the distribution vendor recommends.
- Applications that tend to consume the entire available memory on a system are limited to consuming up to 80 percent of available RAM.
- If you are using Dynamic Memory on Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016 or Windows Server 2012/2012 R2 operating systems, specify Startup memory, Minimum memory, and Maximum memory parameters in multiples of 128 megabytes (MB). Failure to do so can lead to Hot-Add failures, and you might not see any memory increase on a guest operating system.
- In Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016 or Windows Server 2012 R2, the key/value pair infrastructure might not function correctly without a Linux software update. Contact your distribution vendor to obtain the software update in case you see problems with this feature.
- On Windows Server 2012 R2, Generation 2 virtual machines have secure boot enabled by default and some Linux virtual machines will not boot unless the secure boot option is disabled. You can disable secure boot in the Firmware section of the settings for the virtual machine in Hyper-V Manager or you can disable it using Powershell:
- Before attempting to copy the VHD of an existing Generation 2 VHD virtual machine to create new Generation 2 virtual machines, follow these steps:
- Log in to the existing Generation 2 virtual machine.
- Change directory to the boot EFI directory:
- Copy the ubuntu directory in to a new directory named boot:
- Change directory to the newly created boot directory:
- Rename the shimx64.efi file: